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Trade tax is levied on the trade income.
This is the profit from the trade minus or plus certain amounts. It reflects the earning power of your business.
Profits are determined according to the rules of the Income Tax Act and the Corporation Tax Act.
The income from trade tax flows to the municipalities, for which trade tax is the most important source of taxation.
Every trade falls under the Trade Tax Act if you operate it in Germany.
You operate a trade if you
Notecorporations (e.g. GmbH, AG) are already to be regarded as commercial enterprises due to their legal form. The type of activity is irrelevant. The same applies to commercial partnerships (e.g. GmbH & Co. KG).
Partnerships maintain only one commercial enterprise. If a partnership carries on another activity in addition to the commercial one, this is also considered a commercial activity.
You must submit your trade tax return to the tax office electronically in an authenticated form. This also applies to the associated
Authentication is carried out using the Elster certificate. This certificate has the function of an electronic signature and is used for security purposes. The certificate is intended to
of the data sent.
To obtain a certificate, you must register with My ELSTER. This requires several steps (e.g. sending the registration data, sending a confirmation e-mail by My ELSTER, sending the activation code by post). Register in good time so that you can submit your tax return on time. The My ELSTER programme is available to you free of charge for electronic submission.
The tax office calculates the tax assessment amount. This amounts to a standardised 3.5 percent of the trade income for all commercial enterprises.
In the case of natural persons and partnerships, the tax office reduces the trade income beforehand by the tax-free amount of 24,500 euros. In addition, four times the trade tax assessment amount is offset against income tax as part of a maximum amount calculation.
The tax office forwards the tax assessment amount to you and the municipality in which you have your registered office.
The municipality then multiplies the calculated tax assessment amount by an assessment rate. The result is the trade tax amount, which is determined for you with a notice. The assessment rate varies from municipality to municipality, but is at least 200 per cent.
Note: The tax office divides the tax assessment amount according to a specific distribution formula if you
in different municipalities. The trade tax is then levied in instalments by the individual municipalities. The same applies if you have relocated your business to another municipality within a year.
You must submit the trade tax return for the previous calendar year by 31 July each year.
You must make a quarterly advance payment of trade tax on the following dates:
The prepayment instalment per date is one quarter of the tax calculated by the tax office for the previous year. When you file your trade tax return for the current year, you must make an additional payment accordingly or you will receive a credit note.
Note: For sole proprietorships and partnerships, the trade tax liability begins with the commencement of the business activity and ends with the discontinuation of the business. In the case of corporations, the trade tax liability regularly begins with the entry in the commercial register and ends only with the termination of any activity.
There are no procedural costs.
You can also obtain further information from your tax office.
Einkommensteuergesetz (EStG):
Körperschaftsteuergesetz (KStG):
Gewerbesteuergesetz (GewStG)
Gewerbesteuer-Durchführungsverordnung (GewStDV)
machine generated, based on the German release by: Finanzministerium Baden-Württemberg, 16.02.2026
